Professor David Gordon is from the Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research at the University of Bristol, which led the project involving 14,559 people in the UK.
''The coalition Government aimed to eradicate poverty by tackling the causes of poverty. Their strategy has clearly failed,'' Prof Gordon said.
''The available high-quality scientific evidence shows that poverty and deprivation have increased since 2010, the poor are suffering from deeper poverty and the gap between the rich and poor is widening.''
The research was conducted by the University of Bristol, Heriot-Watt University, the Open University, Queen's University Belfast, University of Glasgow, University of Oxford, University of Birmingham, University of York, the National Centre for Social Research and Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.
It found around 5.5 million adults go without essential clothing, while 2.5 million children live in damp homes. Around 1.5 million children live in households that cannot afford to heat their home.
One in four adults has an income below what they consider is needed to avoid poverty, while one in every six adults in paid work is poor. More than one in five had been forced to borrow in the last year to pay for day-to-day needs.
The study, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, showed more than one in five adults and children were poor at the end of 2012.
They had a low income and were ''multiply deprived'' - suffering from three or more deprivations such as a lack of food, heating and clothing due to not having enough money.